Diagnostic accuracy of pelvis multiparametric MRI against CT virtual hysterosalpingography: a prospective study of tubal patency through female infertility assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-hysterosalpingogram (HSG) with semiquantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion, against the virtual multislice CT hysterosalpingogram (VHSG) as a reference standard. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this prospective study, 26 women (age >18 years) searching for infertility causes and with VHSG physician request. Thereafter, the assessment performance of both techniques was determined by two reader analyses. k statistics were used for the assessment of tubal patency. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the capability for tubal patency assessment between both exams on a per-patient and per-tube basis. The McNemar test was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy measures. RESULTS: Tubal patency, uterine morphological, ovarian, and extrauterine abnormalities were evaluated through both exams in all 26 women. There was no significant difference between diagnostic performance measurements between the methods. The ROC curve of VHSG was 0.852 for both per-patient and per-tube analyses, and one and 0.938 for MRI-HSG. Sensitivity and specificity for per-patient and per-tube for VHSG were 95.2 and 97.7, 80 and 87.5%, and for MRI-HSG 100% for both analyses and 100 and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of diagnosing tubal patency through MRI, using a semi-quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion sequence, and the satisfactory diagnosing of the uterine morphology, ovarian abnormalities, and ovarian and deep endometriosis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Multiparametric MRI with a perfusion real-time sequence as a HSG method can be used in the evaluation not only for uterine and ovarian abnormilities but also tubal patency.

Achados tomográficos incidentais de calcificações coronarianas: um estudo de prevalência na região sul do Brasil / Incidental tomographic findings of coronary artery calcifications: a prevalence study in southern Brazil

Fundamento: As calcificações de artérias coronárias (CAC) mostram-se como fator preditivo de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax com protocolo de aquisição de baixa dose apresenta acurácia na identificação de CAC e propicia achados incidentais dessas calcificações, que são comumente negligenciados. Este estudo analisará a prevalência de achados incidentais de calcificação em artérias coronárias em indivíduos não cardiopatas submetidos à TC de tórax. Métodos: Estudo transversal consecutivo de caráter analítico e descritivo. Foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos que realizaram TC de tórax por encaminhamento, acima de 18 anos e não cardiopatas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de prontuários e ficha de anamnese auto aplicada. As variáveis referentes às CAC e à extensão do comprometimento foram obtidas a partir da reavaliação das imagens de TC de tórax disponíveis no sistema da instituição. Os exames foram anonimizados e avaliados por dois médicos radiologistas experientes. Considerou-se como estatisticamente significativo p≤0,05. Resultados: Foram analisados 397 exames. Encontrou-se prevalência de calcificações em 176 (44%) dos casos. A existência dessas calcificações coronárias está relacionada à idade (p<0,001). As calcificações possuem relação com o sexo (p = 0,03) com maior razão de chance de desenvolvimento em homens (odds ratio [OR] = 1,55). O tabagismo (p<0,001), o sedentarismo (p<0,001), a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p<0,001), o diabetes mellitus (p = 0,04) e as dislipidemias (p<0,001) mostraram associação positiva. Conclusão: A prevalência de achados incidentais de CAC foi de 44%; variam em maior número entre leve e grave; maior razão de chance no sexo masculino e aumento da prevalência com a idade. Portanto, a TC de tórax mostra-se um efetivo método para avaliar as CAC, e juntamente com a história clínica do paciente pode ser utilizada para medir os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e intervir no desfecho do quadro.(AU)

Introduction: Coronary artery calcifications (CAC) are shown to be a predictive factor of cardiovascular diseases. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest with a low-dose acquisition protocol is accurate in identifying CAC and provides incidental findings of these calcifications, which are commonly overlooked. This study will analyze the prevalence of incidental findings of calcification in coronary arteries in non-cardiac individuals undergoing chest CT. Methods: Consecutive cross-sectional study of an analytical and descriptive nature. Individuals of both genders who underwent chest CT by referral, over 18 years of age and without heart disease were included. Data collection was carried out using medical records and a self-applied anamnesis form. The variables referring to the CAC and the extension of the impairment were obtained from the reassessment of the chest CT images available in the institution's system. The exams were anonymized and evaluated by two experienced radiologists. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 397 exams were analyzed. A prevalence of calcifications was found in 176 (44%) of the cases. The existence of these coronary calcifications is related to age (p<0.001). Calcifications are related to gender (p = 0.03) with a higher odds ratio of development in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55). Smoking (p<0.001), sedentary lifestyle (p<0.001), systemic arterial hypertension (p<0.001), Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.04), and dyslipidemia (p<0.001) showed a positive association. Conclusion: The prevalence of incidental CAC findings was 44%; vary in greater numbers between mild and severe; higher odds ratio in males and increased prevalence with age. Therefore, chest CT proves to be an effective method to assess CAC, and together with the patient's clinical history, it can be used to measure risk factors for CVD and intervene in the outcome of the condition.(AU)

Associação de exames hematológicos e bioquímicos e complicações pós-cirurgia cardiovascular / Association of hematological and biochemical tests and complications after cardiovascular surgery

A cirurgia cardíaca apresenta complicações pós-operatórias de severidade variável. Conhecer os preditores de tais complicações pode minimizar os riscos e aumentar a sobrevida do paciente. Visto que, estudos abordam complicações no pós-operatório, sem padronização de preditores de tais complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos no pré e pós-operatório com as complicações clínicas de forma geral e por órgão afetado no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, analítico e documental. Critérios de inclusão: Cirurgias eletivas de revascularização do miocárdio e/ou trocas valvares com circulação extracorpórea de janeiro a dezembro de 2017, em pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sobreviventes até a alta hospitalar. Excluíram-se prontuários incompletos. Seguiram-se os preceitos éticos de pesquisa. Incluídos 194 pacientes. Alterações leucocitárias pré-operatórias aumentaram em 8,24 vezes a chance de complicações pós-operatórias (p=0,039); valores médios elevados de INR no primeiro pós-operatório foram associados a complicações (p=0,036); alterações de: creatinina (p=0,020) e INR (p=0,002) no primeiro e segundo pós-operatório tiveram associação com complicações, além de alterações na hemoglobina associadas a complicações cardíacas no terceiro dia pós-operatório (p≤0,001). Verificou-se associação entre: alteração leucocitária prévia a cirurgia e complicações pós-operatórias totais; alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas pós-operatórias e complicações de forma geral e por órgão afetado. Esses resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de indicadores de risco. Também indica necessidade de aprimorar monitoramento dos níveis de leucócitos, INR hemoglobina e creatinina, percebidos como preditores de complicações cirúrgicas.

Cardiac surgery has postoperative complications of varying severities. Knowing the predictors of such complications can minimize risks and increase patient survival. However, studies address postoperative complications without any standardization of predictors of such complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of hematological and biochemical parameters in the pre- and postoperative period with general clinical complications and those according to organ affected in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and documentary study. Inclusion criteria: Elective myocardial revascularization surgeries and/or valve replacements with a cardiopulmonary bypass from January to December 2017, in patients older than 18 years old, survivors until hospital discharge. Incomplete medical records were excluded. Ethical research precepts were followed. 194 patients were included. Preoperative leukocyte alterations increased the chance of postoperative complications by 8.24 times (p=0.039); high mean INR values in the first postoperative period were associated with complications (p=0.036); changes in creatinine (p=0.020) and INR (p=0.002) in the first and second postoperative period were associated with complications, in addition to changes in hemoglobin associated with cardiac complications on the third postoperative day (p≤0.001). There was an association between: leukocyte alteration prior to surgery and total postoperative complications; postoperative hematological and biochemical changes and complications in general and by affected organ. These results can support the development of risk indicators. This also indicates the need to improve monitoring of leukocyte levels, INR, hemoglobin, and creatinine, perceived as predictors of surgical complications.

Use of a mobile application for the control of anticoagulation with warfarin: a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial - Ijui/RS/Brazil

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of an anticoagulation protocol adapted in a mobile application (appG) for patients using warfarin. This was a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in basic health centers of Ijui, RS, Brazil, between April and October 2017. The appG was installed on the cell phones of all physicians belonging to the intervention group. Primary outcomes were bleeding and thrombosis, and secondary outcomes were changes in the dose of warfarin, use of new drugs, drug interactions, search for health services, and remaining on the target international normalized ratio. Thirty-three patients belonging to 11 basic health centers were included in this study. From these, 15 patients were in the intervention group which used the appG, and 18 were in the control group. After 6 months, patients in the appG group had fewer bleeding events (7% versus 50%, p-value=0.028) and a lower weekly dose of warfarin (29.3 ± 9.7 mg versus 41.7 ± 12.5 mg, p-value=0.030) when compared to the control group. The anticoagulation protocol adapted in a mobile app reduced bleeding in patients using warfarin.

Respostas cardiorrespiratórias do teste de sentar e levantar em indivíduos pré e pós-cirurgia cardíaca: corte transversal / Cardiopulmonary responses of the sit-to-stand test in individuals pre and post-heart surgery: cross section

| INTRODUÇÃO: As repercussões cardiorrespiratórias da cirurgia cardíaca podem ser avaliadas por teste submáximo. OBJETIVO: comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias do teste de sentar e levantar em um minuto (TSL1) nos indivíduos, entre o momento pré e pós de cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caráter transversal e analítico, incluiu 45 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, estáveis hemodinamicamente, com fração de ejeção maior que 45%, que foram submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio no Instituto do Coração de um Hospital do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 2018 e 2019. As variáveis de desfechos foram coletadas no repouso e ao final do teste, um dia antes da cirurgia e no pós-operatório: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (PAS e PAD em mmHg), frequência cardíaca (FC bpm), frequência respiratória (FR rpm), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2 %), fadiga de membros inferiores (Fmm 0-10) e dispneia (Di 0-10), número de repetições e interrupções do teste. Foi utilizado o programa R para o tratamento dos dados, para avaliar a normalidade foi aplicado o teste de Shapiro Wilk, a comparação dos grupos pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: A maioria do sexo masculino (71%) e média de idade foi de 61± 9 anos. No pré-operatório, ocorreu aumento entre o repouso e o final do teste, PAS, FC, FR, Fmm e Di (p<0,05). No pós-operatório, houve aumento entre o repouso e o final do teste, para FC, FR, Fmm e Di (P<0,05), contudo, sem elevação da PAS. Ao comparar as variáveis entre os momentos pré e pós, observamos maiores valores da FC, FR e número de interrupções na condição pós (p<0,05), bem como menores valores para a PAS, SpO2 e número de repetições (p<0,05) para essa condição. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados desta pesquisa comprovam que o TSL1 realizado no pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, assim como entre o 4° ou 5° dia de pós-cirurgia cardíaca, é seguro e eficaz, representado pela ausência das repercussões cardiorrespiratórias que comprometessem ou agravassem o quadro clínico do paciente. O TSL1 foi capaz de induzir respostas cardiorrespiratórias fisiológicas no pré-operatório; contudo, na condição pós acarretou respostas cardiorrespiratórias mais elevadas no repouso e atenuada resposta em exercício em comparação ao pré-operatório.

INTRODUCTION: The cardiorespiratory repercussions of heart surgery can be assessed through submaximal testing. OBJECTIVE: Compare cardiorespiratory responses to the one-minute sit-and-stand test in individuals pre- and post-heart surgery. METHODS: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 45 hemodynamically stable male and female patients with an ejection fraction greater than 45% submitted to coronary artery bypass surgery at a cardiology service of a hospital in the interior of the state of REDACTED between 2018 and 2019. The following variables were collected at rest and the end of the test one day before surgery and postoperatively: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, mmHg), heart rate (HR, bpm), respiratory rate (RR, rpm), peripheral saturation oxygen (SpO2, %), lower limb fatigue (LLF, 0-10), dyspnea (0-10), number of test repetitions and number of interruptions. The R program was used to process the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for the determination of normality. The groups were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Most participants were male (71%), and the mean age was 61±9 years. In the preoperative period, statistically significant increases (p≤0.05) were found for SBP, HR, RR, LLF, and dyspnea between resting values and the end of the test. Significant increases (p≤0.05) were found in the postoperative period for HR, RR, LLF, and dyspnea between rest and the end of the test, with no increase in SBP. Comparing the preoperative and postoperative evaluations variables, higher HR, RR, the number of interruptions and lower SBP, SpO2, and the number of repetitions were found after surgery (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: The one-minute sit-to-stand test induced physiological cardiorespiratory responses in the preoperative evaluation. However, higher cardiorespiratory responses at rest and an attenuated response to exercise were found in the postoperative evaluation compared to the preoperative evaluation.

Atividade física e qualidade de vida em indivíduos renais crônicos / Physical activity and quality of life in chronic kidney individuals

INTRODUÇÃO: As alterações impostas pela doença renal e por seu tratamento interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com doença renal crônica. A atividade física é relatada como uma alternativa terapêutica nesta população, porém a maioria dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise apresentam baixos níveis de atividade física. OBJETIVO: verificar a correlação entre a atividade física e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Este estudo é observacional, analítico, descritivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido em uma das Unidades de Hemodiálise da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, na atenção clínica terciária, durante o período de novembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos maiores de 18 anos e em tratamento hemodialítico por doença renal crônica há mais de três meses, pertencentes ao serviço de hemodiálise. Os critérios de exclusão foram os indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença renal aguda; aqueles que apresentaram aparentemente dificuldades em compreender, responder ou que não realizaram completamente os instrumentos de avaliação propostos (qualidade de vida e pedômetros), indivíduos que no momento da avaliação não apresentaram condições clínicas estáveis. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela análise dos prontuários clínicos e eletrônicos e entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se avaliação pelos pedômetros e pelo questionário Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form-KDQOL-SFTM. Análises de modelagem por regressão foram realizadas para testar a associação entre o número de passos/dia e os desfechos avaliados RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos na amostra 40 pacientes, destes, 70% são homens, com média de idade de 59,9 ± 13,0 anos. Na correlação entre atividade física e qualidade de vida, o número de passos/dia teve correlação significativa com as dimensões sintomas e problemas (r=0,523;p=0,003), efeitos da doença (r=0,458; p=0,010), função sexual (r=0,361;p=0,050), sono (r=0,357;p=0,049), função física (r=0,617;p=<0,001), papel físico (r=0,504;p=0,004), dor (r=0,496; p=0,005), bem estar emocional (r=0,407; p=0,023), papel emocional (r=0,435;p=0,014), função social (r=0,522;p=0,003), energia/fadiga (r=0,436;p=0,014) e composição física (r=0,598;p=<0,001). As variáveis idade, índice de massa corporal, tempo de hemodiálise e sexo não apresentaram correlação com o número de passos/dia. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação positiva entre atividade física e qualidade de vida, ou seja, quanto maior a média de número de passos/dia melhor a qualidade de vida de indivíduos em hemodiálise.

INTRODUCTION: The changes imposed by kidney disease and its treatment negatively affect the quality of life of individuals with kidney disease. Physical activity is reported as a therapeutic alternative in this population; however, most patients undergoing hemodialysis have low levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To verify the correlation between physical activity and quality of life in individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: This study is observational, analytical, descriptive, and quantitative developed in one of the Hemodialysis Units in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in tertiary clinical care, during the period from November 2018 to February 2019. Individuals over 18 years old and undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease for more than three months; belonging to the hemodialysis service. Data collection was performed by analyzing clinical and electronic medical records and semi-structured interviews. Evaluation using pedometers and the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short FormKDQOL-SFTM questionnaire was used. Regression modeling analyzes were performed to test the association between the number of steps/ day and the evaluated outcomes. RESULTS: 40 (Forty) patients were included in the sample, of which 70% are men, with a mean age of 59.9 ± 13.0 years. In the correlation between physical activity and quality of life, the number of steps / day had a significant correlation with the dimensions symptoms and problems (r=0,523;p=0,003), effects of the disease (r=0,458; p=0,010), sexual function (r=0,361;p=0,050), sleep (r=0,357;p=0,049), physical function (r=0,617;p=<0,001), physical role (r=0,504;p=0,004), pain (r=0,496; p=0,005), emotional well-being (r=0,407; p=0,023), emotional role (r=0,435;p=0,014), social function (r=0,522;p=0,003), energy / fatigue (r=0,436;p=0,014) and physical composition (r=0,598;p=<0,001). The sample profile variables did not correlate with the number of steps/day. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between physical activity and quality of life; that is, the higher the average number of steps/day, the better the quality of life of individuals undergoing hemodialysis.

Movie watching during dialysis sessions reduces depression and anxiety and improves quality of life: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of watching comedy movies as a complementary practice during dialysis on levels of anxiety, depression, quality of life, stress, laboratory findings and intra-dialysis complications. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving the practice of presenting comedy movies during dialysis. The primary outcome was depression. The secondary outcomes were anxiety, quality of life, stress, laboratory findings and intra-dialysis complications.ResultsTwenty-six patients were in the control group and 35 were in the experimental group. Significant intra-group differences [6.0 to 3.0 (p <0.001) and 8.0 to 4.0 (p <0.001), respectively] and inter-group differences [5.0 vs. 3.0 (p = 0.016) and 7.0 vs. 4.0 (p = 0.017), respectively] were found regarding anxiety and depression scores, with improvements in the experimental group. The experimental group was also less likely to have intra-dialysis complications, such as hypertension (p = 0.003) and headache (p = 0.020), and reported significant improvements in different domains of quality of life [symptoms/problems (p = 0.003); effects of the disease (p = 0.008); pain (p = 0.027); general health state (p = 0.004); and social function (p = 0.036)]. No significant differences were found in salivary cortisol or the results of the biochemical exams, with the exception of a reduction in hematocrit in the control group.ConclusionsThe proposed complementary practice was associated with reductions in anxiety and depression scores and intra-dialysis complications (hypertension and headache) as well as improvements in quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Quality of life of chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis and related factors.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the association between the health-related quality of life of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis with sociodemographic, clinical, depression and medication adherence characteristics. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with 183 chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form, Beck Depression Inventory and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale - eight items were used. Among the variables, comorbidities, complications of kidney disease and intercurrences during and after hemodialysis were evaluated. The analysis was performed with descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS: 55.2% of the patients were 60 years old or older, 35.0% were hypertensive, with regular quality of life, average of 62.61. Scores below average in the dimensions of quality of life were mainly associated with repetitive infections and edema as complications of the disease, pain during hemodialysis and weakness afterwards. Low drug adherence resulted in a worse quality of life, impacting ten of the 20 dimensions evaluated and depression in all, except for patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: reduced quality of life in this population is associated with depressive symptoms, complications such as repetitive infections, pain and anemia, weakness after the dialysis session and low medication adherence. Actions aimed at changing these factors can promote well-being.

Reduction of functional cardiovascular reserve in the stages of chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present reduced oxygen consumption at peak exercise (VO2 peak). No studies have evaluated objective measures of the cardiovascular reserve, besides VO2 peak and VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT), and compared these measures among ckd patients at different stages of the disease. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients [pre-dialysis group (PD)=26, hemodialysis group (HD)=20, and post-kidney transplant group (KT)=12] were included. The following measures of cardiovascular reserve were obtained: 1) peak heart rate (HR); 2) peak systolic blood pressure (SBP); 3) VO2 peak and % predicted; 4) VO2 AT and % of predicted VO2; 5) peak circulatory power; 6) ventilatory efficiency for the production of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2 slope); 7) oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES); and 8) recovery of gas exchange. RESULTS: The VO2 peak and VO2 AT in the PD, HD, and KT groups were reduced to 86% and 69%, 70% and 57%, and 79% and 64% of the predicted value, respectively. Patients in the HD group had lower VO2 peak (17.5±5.9 vs. 23.2±8.2 [p-value=0.036]) and VO2 AT (14.0±5.2 vs. 18.3±4.7 [p-value=0.039]) compared to patients in the KT group. OUES was significantly lower in the HD group compared to the KT group (p-value=0.034). Age in the PD, HD, and KT groups and sedentary lifestyle in the KT group were predictors of VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS: CKD patients presented a reduction in cardiovascular reserve regardless of the stage of the disease. However, hemodialysis patients presented a greater reduction of cardiovascular reserve when compared to post-kidney transplant patients.

Physical Exercise Combined With CPAP in Subjects Who Underwent Surgical Myocardial Revascularization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise and CPAP benefit patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. To our knowledge, the association of aerobic exercise on an exercise bicycle with CPAP has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise on a cycle ergometer combined with CPAP in the postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial, with recruitment from May 2017 to December 2017 (registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-69CDYF). The step group (n = 16 subjects) started rehabilitation in the immediate postoperative period with breathing exercises and passive mobilization in the sitting position, progressing to active exercises, ambulation, and stair training. For the intervention group (n = 15 subjects), dynamic exercises on a cycle ergometer combined with CPAP were added to the step program from the second to the fourth postoperative day in a single daily session. RESULTS: Functional capacity decreased in both groups, but this reduction was not significant in the intervention group (P = .11). The length of stay in ICU was lower in the intervention group (P = .050). In both groups there was a decrease in maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, as well as in the 1-min sit-to-stand test on the fourth postoperative day compared to the preoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise combined with CPAP promoted the maintenance of functional capacity and reduced the length of stay in the ICU.

Reduction of functional cardiovascular reserve in the stages of chronic kidney disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present reduced oxygen consumption at peak exercise (VO2 peak). No studies have evaluated objective measures of the cardiovascular reserve, besides VO2 peak and VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT), and compared these measures among ckd patients at different stages of the disease. METHODS Fifty-eight patients [pre-dialysis group (PD)=26, hemodialysis group (HD)=20, and post-kidney transplant group (KT)=12] were included. The following measures of cardiovascular reserve were obtained: 1) peak heart rate (HR); 2) peak systolic blood pressure (SBP); 3) VO2 peak and % predicted; 4) VO2 AT and % of predicted VO2; 5) peak circulatory power; 6) ventilatory efficiency for the production of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2 slope); 7) oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES); and 8) recovery of gas exchange. RESULTS The VO2 peak and VO2 AT in the PD, HD, and KT groups were reduced to 86% and 69%, 70% and 57%, and 79% and 64% of the predicted value, respectively. Patients in the HD group had lower VO2 peak (17.5±5.9 vs. 23.2±8.2 [p-value=0.036]) and VO2 AT (14.0±5.2 vs. 18.3±4.7 [p-value=0.039]) compared to patients in the KT group. OUES was significantly lower in the HD group compared to the KT group (p-value=0.034). Age in the PD, HD, and KT groups and sedentary lifestyle in the KT group were predictors of VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS CKD patients presented a reduction in cardiovascular reserve regardless of the stage of the disease. However, hemodialysis patients presented a greater reduction of cardiovascular reserve when compared to post-kidney transplant patients.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam redução no consumo de oxigênio no pico do exercício (VO2 pico). Nenhum estudo avaliou medidas objetivas da reserva cardiovascular, além do VO2 pico e do VO2 no limiar anaeróbio (LA), e comparou essas medidas entre pacientes com DRC nos diferentes estágios da doença. MÉTODOS Cinquenta e oito pacientes [grupo pré-diálise (PD)=26, grupo hemodiálise (HD)=20 e grupo pós-transplante (PT)=12] foram incluídos. As seguintes medidas da reserva cardiovascular foram obtidas: 1) frequência cardíaca (FC) pico; 2) pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) pico; 3) VO2 pico e % do predito; 4) VO2 LA e % do VO2 predito; 5) potência circulatória pico; 6) eficiência ventilatória para a produção de dióxido de carbono (VE/VCO2 slope); 7) eficiência ventilatória para o consumo de oxigênio (Oues); 8) recuperação das trocas gasosas. RESULTADOS O VO2 pico e o VO2 LA nos grupos PD, HD e PT foram reduzidos para 86% e 69%, 70% e 57%, e 79% e 64% do valor previsto, respectivamente. Pacientes do grupo HD obtiveram VO2 pico (17,5±5,9 vs. 23,2±8,2 [p=0,036]) e VO2 LA (14,0±5,2 vs. 18,3±4,7 [p=0,039]) mais baixo, comparado aos pacientes PT. A Oues foi significativamente menor no grupo HD comparado ao grupo PT (p=0,034). Idade nos grupos PD, HD e PT, e sedentarismo no grupo PT foram preditores do VO2 pico. CONCLUSÃO Pacientes com DRC apresentam redução da reserva cardiovascular independentemente do estágio da doença. No entanto, pacientes em hemodiálise apresentam uma redução mais acentuada da reserva cardiovascular quando comparados aos pacientes pós-transplante.

Risco de quedas associado a terapia medicamentosa em pacientes hospitalizados / Risk of falls associated with drug therapy in hospitalized patients

O risco de quedas e a administração de medicamentos estão relacionadas a segurança do paciente hospitalizado. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar classes de medicamentos e interações medicamentosas que potencializam o risco de quedas hospitalares. Estudo quantitativo, transversal, na região Sul do Brasil, com 612 pacientes em unidades de internação. Os dados foram coletados com instrumento próprio, Escala de Morse e análise de prontuário no período de junho a agosto de 2015. Na análise estatística univariada utilizou-se frequências absolutas e relativas e na bivariada utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado com nível de 5% de significância. Participaram do estudo 612 pacientes, com prevalente uso de fármacos que atuam sobre o sistema cardiovascular e sistema nervoso. As principais classes de medicamentos relacionadas com risco elevado de quedas foram antiparkisonianos (76,2%) e bloqueadores de canais de cálcio (57,1%). O número de medicamentos também se apresentou associado ao risco elevado de queda, presente em 56,2% dos pacientes em uso de cinco medicamentos ou mais. Foram identificadas 2.187 interações medicamentosas, dessas 9,1% eram potencializadoras do risco de quedas, entre os medicamentos envolvidos nas interações graves ou contraindicadas verificou-se maior frequência de morfina (16,5%) e metoclopramida (6,0%) dos pacientes. A interação grave mais frequente foi morfina e tramadol (7,7%). Evidenciou-se que fármacos frequentemente utilizados por pacientes hospitalizados estão associados ao risco elevado de quedas e que a existência de interações medicamentosas potenciais, que elevam o risco de quedas. Conhecer o perfil dos medicamentos utilizados e sua relação com o riso de quedas no ambiente hospitalar auxilia na implementação de ações preventivas.

The risk of falls and the administration of medications are related to the safety of hospitalized patients. Thus, this study aimed to identify classes of drugs and drug interactions that increase the risk of hospital falls. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study, in the southern region of Brazil, with 612 patients from inpatient units. Data were collected using a specific instrument for demographic data, Morse Scale and medical chart analysis from June to August 2015. In the univariate statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used and in the bivariate analysis, a chi-squared test with a level of 5% significance was used. 612 patients participated in the study, with use of drugs that act on the cardiovascular and nervous systems prevailing. The main classes of drugs related to high risk of falls were antiparkinsonian (76.2%) and calcium channel blockers (57.1%). The number of medications was also associated with a high risk of falling, present in 56.2% of patients using five or more drugs. 2,187 drug interactions were identified, of which 9.1% were potentiating the risk of falls, among the drugs involved in serious or contraindicated interactions there was a higher frequency among patients taking morphine (16.5%) and metoclopramide (6.0%). The most frequent serious interaction was morphine and tramadol (7.7%). It was observed that drugs frequently used by hospitalized patients are associated with an increased risk of falls and that the existence of potential drug interactions also can increase the risk of falls. Knowing the profile of the drugs used and their relationship with the risk of falls in the hospital environment helps administrators implement preventive actions.

Quality of life of chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis and related factors / Qualidade de vida de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise e fatores relacionados / Calidad de vida de pacientes renales crónicos en hemodiálisis y factores relacionados

Objective: to verify the association between the health-related quality of life of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis with sociodemographic, clinical, depression and medication adherence characteristics. Method: a cross-sectional study with 183 chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form, Beck Depression Inventory and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale - eight items were used. Among the variables, comorbidities, complications of kidney disease and intercurrences during and after hemodialysis were evaluated. The analysis was performed with descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 55.2% of the patients were 60 years old or older, 35.0% were hypertensive, with regular quality of life, average of 62.61. Scores below average in the dimensions of quality of life were mainly associated with repetitive infections and edema as complications of the disease, pain during hemodialysis and weakness afterwards. Low drug adherence resulted in a worse quality of life, impacting ten of the 20 dimensions evaluated and depression in all, except for patient satisfaction. Conclusion: reduced quality of life in this population is associated with depressive symptoms, complications such as repetitive infections, pain and anemia, weakness after the dialysis session and low medication adherence. Actions aimed at changing these factors can promote well-being.

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise com as características sociodemográficas, clínicas, depressão e adesão medicamentosa. Método: pesquisa transversal com 183 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram utilizados questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Escala de Adesão à Medicação de Morisky - oito itens. Entre as variáveis foram avaliadas comorbidades, complicações da doença renal e intercorrências durante e após a hemodiálise. A análise foi feita com estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: 55,2% dos pacientes tinham 60 anos ou mais, 35,0% eram hipertensos, com qualidade de vida regular, média de 62,61. Escores abaixo da média nas dimensões de qualidade de vida foram associados, principalmente, às infecções repetitivas e ao edema como complicações da doença, dor durante a hemodiálise e fraqueza após. A baixa adesão medicamentosa repercutiu em uma pior qualidade de vida com impacto em dez das 20 dimensões avaliadas e depressão em todas, exceto satisfação do paciente. Conclusão: a qualidade de vida reduzida nessa população associa-se aos sintomas depressivos, complicações como infecções repetitivas, dor e anemia, fraqueza após a sessão dialítica e baixa adesão medicamentosa. Ações direcionadas à modificação desses fatores podem promover bem-estar.

Objetivo: verificar la asociación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes renales crónicos sometidos a hemodiálisis con las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, de depresión y de adhesión a la medicación. Método: estudio transversal con 183 pacientes renales crónicos sometidos a hemodiálisis en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se utilizaron cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form, Inventario de Depresión de Beck y Escala de adhesión a la Medicación Morisky - ocho ítems. Entre las variables, se evaluaron las comorbilidades, las complicaciones de la enfermedad renal y las complicaciones durante y después de la hemodiálisis. El análisis se realizó con estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: el 55.2% de los pacientes tenían 60 años o más, 35,0% eran hipertensos, con calidad de vida regular, promedio de 62.61. Puntuaciones por debajo del promedio en las dimensiones de calidad de vida se asociaron, principalmente, con infecciones repetitivas y edema como complicaciones de la enfermedad, dolor durante la hemodiálisis y debilidad posterior. La baja adhesión a los medicamentos repercutió en una peor calidad de vida, afectando diez de las 20 dimensiones evaluadas y la depresión en todos, excepto la satisfacción del paciente. Conclusión: la calidad de vida reducida en esta población se asocia con síntomas depresivos, complicaciones como infecciones repetitivas, dolor y anemia, debilidad después de la sesión de diálisis y baja adhesión a la medicación. Las acciones dirigidas a cambiar estos factores pueden promover el bienestar.

Perfil de saúde dos usuários da rede de atenção básica baseado no cadastro individual e-Sus / The health profile of basic care network users according to the e-Sus individual registry / Perfil de salud de los usuarios de la red de atención básica basada en el cadastro Individual e-Sus

Objective: The study's purpose has been to assess the health profile, based on the individual registry named e-SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde [Unified Health System]), in regards to the users of basic health care services in Ijuí city, Rio Grande do Sul State. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 400 registered users in 15 Family Health Strategies, within the age group from 20 to 59 years old and according to the e-SUS individual registry. Results: There was a predominance of wage earners with a work permit and low education level. Users with low schooling were five times more likely to develop diabetes mellitus (p=0.01), whereas high education users were hospitalized more frequently (p=0.03). It was observed an association between participating in a community group and the female gender (p=0.013), having high education level and private health insurance plan (p=0.001). Conclusion: The profile of the users shows a direct relationship between low level of schooling and chronic noncommunicable diseases and inversion of hospitalizations

Objetivo: Verificar o perfil de saúde, baseado no cadastro individual e-SUS, de usuários dos serviços de atenção básica da cidade de Ijuí/RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra de 400 usuários cadastrados em 15 Estratégias de Saúde da Família, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, baseado no cadastro individual e-SUS. Resultados: Verificou-se predomínio de assalariado com carteira de trabalho, baixa escolaridade. Os usuários com escolaridade baixa tiveram cinco vezes mais chance de desenvolver diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0,01), com escolaridade alta internaram com maior frequência (p=0,03). Observou associação entre participar de grupo comunitário e o sexo feminino (p=0,013) e apresentar alta escolaridade e possuir plano de saúde privado (p=0,001). Conclusão: O perfil dos usuários mostra relação direta da baixa escolaridade com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e inversa às internações

Objetivo: Verificar el perfil de salud, basado en el registro individual e-SUS, de usuarios de los servicios de atención básica de la ciudad de Ijuí/RS. Metodos: Estudio transversal, con muestra de 400 usuarios registrados en 15 Estrategias de Salud de la Familia, en el grupo de edad de 20 a 59 años, basado en el registro individual e-SUS. Resultados: Se verificó predominio de asalariado con carnet de trabajo, baja escolaridad. Los usuarios con escolaridad baja tuvieron cinco veces más posibilidades de desarrollar diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0,01), con escolaridad alta internaron con mayor frecuencia (p = 0,03). Se observó asociación entre participar en el grupo comunitario y el sexo femenino (p = 0,013) y presentar alta escolaridad y tener un plan de salud privado (p = 0,001). Conclusión: El perfil de los usuarios muestra relación directa de la baja escolaridad con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles e inversa las internaciones

Antioxidant Effect of Far Infrared Radiation Produced by Bioceramics in Individuals with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Biomedical research has recently incorporated bioceramics applications into new health care approaches. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of far infrared-emitting bioceramics wraps in the treatment of intermittent claudication. METHODS: This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Thirty-five patients met the criteria and were randomized into either control (placebo wraps) or bioceramics group (far infrared emitting-ceramics wraps) and assessed over a 90-day period for the following outcomes: six-minute walk test (6MWT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), Flow-mediated arterial dilation (FMD), quality of life and claudication. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma of patients. RESULTS: Intervention induced a decrease in oxidative stress, with significant lower levels of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), as well as increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. There was an increase in the environment subscale of the quality of life questionnaire. No statistically significant differences were found in the inflammatory cytokines, 6MWT, ABI and FMV evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: In Sum, FIR treatment improved oxidative stress profile and quality-of-life of patients with intermittent claudication. The study was registered into the ensaiosclinicos.gov.br (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos [ReBEC]) (RBR-7nr6sy register number).

Costs and benefits of Papacarie in pediatric dentistry: a randomized clinical trial.

Papacarie gel is an agent that eliminates the need for local anesthesia and reduces the need for using a drill. However, there is no information regarding the cost per procedure. Therefore we analyzed the cost, per procedure, of Papacarie gel compared to the traditional method (drilling), and performed a comparison between these methods of carious tissue removal. A randomized clinical trial was performed with 24 children with an average age of 5.9 years old. Of these children, 12 were boys and 12 were girls, which resulted in a total of 46 restorations. Patients were separated into: Papacarie group (caries removal with the chemical-mechanical method - Papacarie gel) and Drill group (caries removal with the traditional method - drilling). Values of the materials used in the procedures, heart rate (before, 5 minutes during, and after dental treatment), and the total consultation duration were recorded. A level of significance of 5% was adopted. Papacarie had a lower cost per procedure ($ 0.91) when compared to the traditional method ($ 1.58). Papacarie provided a cost reduction of 42% compared to the traditional method. Using local anesthesia ($ 2.17), the cost reduction increased to 58%. In the procedure using drill + Papacarie ($ 1.37), the cost reduction was 33%. Heart rate, consultation duration, and number of restorations were not statistically different. Papacarie shows an excellent cost benefit for minimally invasive removal of carious tissue and is a feasible alternative for public health care.

Características antropométricas, físicas e cardiorrespiratórias de jovens atletas de voleibol feminino / Anthropometric, physical and cardiorespiratory characteristics of young female volleyball athletes

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as variáveis antropométricas e de aptidão física, incluindo a avaliação por método direto da resistência cardiorrespiratória, em uma amostra de atletas de voleibol da categoria infantil feminina. Participaram 12 atletas, idade entre 13 e 14 anos. Foram avaliadas as características antropométricas (massa corporal, estatura e índice de massa corporal), a flexibilidade (flexiteste adaptado), a agilidade (teste do quadrado), a impulsão vertical e horizontal e as características cardiorrespiratórias. A maioria das atletas apresentou grande flexibilidade (58%), razoável agilidade (50%) e excelente impulsão vertical (83%). Todas as atletas apresentaram fraca impulsão horizontal. O consumo de oxigênio ( VO2) máximo previsto foi de 38,6 ± 1,2 mL.kg-1.min-1 e o atingido foi de 40,44±4,76 mL.kg-1.min-1. As atletas apresentaram boa flexibilidade, fraca e razoável agilidade, excelente impulsão vertical, fraca impulsão horizontal e capacidade cardiorrespiratória de acordo com o previsto para a população ativa brasileira.

Current study assesses the anthropometric variables and physical aptitudes, plus cardio-respiratory resistance, by direct method, of a sample of female volleyball athletes. Twelve athletes, aged between 13 and 14 years old, participated in the survey. Anthropometric characteristics (body mass, height, and body mass index), flexibility (adapted flex test), agility (chi-square), vertical and horizontal thrust and cardio-respiratory resistance were evaluated. Most athletes had great flexibility (58%), reasonable agility (50%) and excellent vertical thrust (83%). All athletes revealed a weak horizontal thrust. Maximum oxygen consumption ( VO2), with a prevision for 38.6±1.2 mL.kg-1. min-1, actually reached 40.44±4.76 mL.kg-1.min-1. Athletes had good flexibility, weak and reasonable agility, excellent vertical thrust but weak horizontal one, and cardio-respiratory capacity as normal for Brazilian population.

Análise físico funcional e cardiorrespiratória de pacientes em lista de espera para o transplante renal: estudo transversal / Physical, functional, and cardiorespiratory analysis of patients on the kidney transplant waiting list: a cross-sectional study

Introdução: Para o tratamento da doença renal crônica os pacientes necessitam de hemodiálise ou diálise peritoneal enquanto aguardam em lista de espera pelo transplante renal. Apesar dos avanços nos procedimentos de diálise, os pacientes que fazem esse tratamento apresentam baixa capacidade física e funcional e comorbidades que influenciam no tempo de espera. Objetivo: Descrever as características físicas, antropométricas e cardiorrespiratórias de pacientes em lista de espera para o transplante renal, assim como, analisar as variáveis de acordo com o tempo em lista de espera e tempo de diagnóstico da doença. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNIJUÍ parecer n° 1.992.013. Foram avaliados 11 pacientes cadastrados no Hospital de Caridade de Ijuí, quanto aos dados sobre a doença renal e seu tratamento, tempo em lista de espera, fatores de risco cardiovasculares, resistência muscular de membros inferiores, força muscular respiratória e capacidade funcional submáxima. Resultados: Foram avaliados 11 pacientes, sendo 54,5% do sexo feminino, média de idade de 51,9±11,4 anos, 45,5% tinham doença renal de origem hipertensiva, tempo de diagnóstico da doença de 84,0 (48,0-180,0) meses, 90,9% realizavam hemodiálise há uma mediana de 15,0 (8,0-41,0) meses e estavam em lista de espera há 12,0 (6,0-32,0) meses. Os fatores de risco cardiovasculares mais prevalentes foram hipertensão e sedentarismo. No teste de sentar e levantar em um minuto realizaram 17,0 (16,0-22,0) repetições, pressão inspiratória máxima de 62,0 (50,0-80,0) cmH2O, pressão expiratória máxima de 78,0 (64,0-99,0) cmH2O e percorreram 452,5 (416,1-503,2) metros no teste de caminhada em seis minutos. Conclusão: Os pacientes cadastrados em lista de espera para o transplante renal do nosso estudo apresentaram uma boa condição físico funcional e cardiorrespiratória. O tempo de diagnóstico da doença renal se correlacionou moderada e negativamente com a pressão expiratória máxima. O tempo de permanência em lista de espera não se correlacionou com a resistência de membros inferiores, força muscular respiratória e capacidade funcional submáxima. [AU]

Introduction: For the treatment of chronic kidney disease patients require hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis while they wait for a kidney transplant waiting list. Despite advances in dialysis procedures, the patients who undergo this treatment have low physical condition and comorbidities that influence waiting time. Objective: To describe the physical characteristics, anthropometric and cardiorespiratory of patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation, as well as to analyze the variables according to waiting list time and disease diagnosis time. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNIJUÍ, report No. 1.992.013. Eleven patients registered at Ijuí Charity Hospital were evaluated for data on kidney disease and its treatment, waiting list time, cardiovascular risk factors, lower limb muscle resistance, muscle strength respiratory and submaximal functional capacity. Results: Eleven patients were evaluated: 54.5% female, average age 51.9 ± 11.4 years, 45.5% had hypertensive renal disease, diagnosis time of 84.0 (48.0-180.0) months, 90.9% underwent hemodialysis an average of 15.0 (8.0-41.0) months and were on the waiting list for 12.0 (6.0-32.0) months. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension and sedentary lifestyle. In sit and stand up test in a minute performed 17.0 (16.0-22.0) repetitions, maximum inspiratory pressure 62.0 (50.0-80.0) cmH2O, maximum expiratory pressure 78.0 (64.0-99.0) cmH2O and walked 452.5 (416.1-503.2) meters in the walk test in six minutes. Conclusion: The patients registered on the waiting list in our study had a good physical functional and cardiorespiratory fitness. The time to diagnosis of renal disease was moderately and negatively correlated with maximal expiratory pressure. Waiting time did not correlate with lower limb muscle resistance, muscle strength respiratory and submaximal functional capacity. [AU]

Risco cardiovascular avaliado pelo índice de conicidade em mulheres no climatério: análise comparativa entre os períodos pré e pós-menopausa / Cardiovascular risk evaluated by the conicity index in climacteric women: a comparative analysis between the pre and post-menopause periods

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o risco cardiovascular pelo índice de conicidade em mulheres no período do climatério, comparando o período pré e pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal com dados secundários, realizado a partir do banco de dados da pesquisa de coorte "Envelhecimento Feminino" avaliou mulheres entre 35 e 65 anos de idade, cadastradas nas Unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram incluídas mulheres que tinham avaliação das condições gerais de saúde, do estado nutricional, clínica e bioquímica; e excluídas as com diagnóstico de doença cardiovascular e diabetes mellitus tipo I. O risco cardiovascular foi determinado obtendo-se o índice de conicidade, a partir das medidas de peso corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura. As participantes foram divididas em dois grupos: pré-menopausa e pós-menopausa. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 102 mulheres, cuja média de idade era 51,5±7,9 anos. Destas, 41 (40,2%) estava na pré-menopausa e 61 (59,8%) na pós-menopausa. Todas as participantes possuíam alto risco cardiovascular pelo índice de conicidade, mas naquelas no período pós-menopausa, a média desse índice foi maior em comparação às que estavam na pré-menopausa (1,25±0,0 vs.1,19±0,9). Considerando apenas as mulheres com risco cardiovascular baixo, as do grupo pós-menopausa, em comparação ao pré-menopausa, apresentavam maiores valores de circunferência da cintura (84,8±5,5 vs. 78,0±7,5; p=0,005) e percentual gordura corporal (36,8±5,5 vs. 32,9±6,5; p=0,005). Considerando as participantes com risco cardiovascular elevado, o grupo na pós-menopausa apresentou valores maiores para o percentual de gordura corporal (39,8±4,0 vs. 35,7±6,9; p=0,010), colesterol total (204,9±42,7 vs.184,2±40,0; p=0,005) glicose (107,3±65,4 vs. 82,5±14,1; p=0,001) e colesterol ligado à lipoproteína de baixa densidade (132,4±41,8 vs. 109,3±38,8; p=0,002). CONCLUSÕES: A utilização do índice de conicidade pelas equipes da atenção primária indicou que nesta amostra de mulheres, independente da fase do climatério, havia condições subclínicas para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular, mais acentuadas no período pós-menopausa.

AIMS: To evaluate cardiovascular risk by the conicity index in climacteric women, comparing the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study with secondary data, derived from the Female Aging Cohort Research's database, evaluated women between 35 and 65 years of age registered with the Family Health Strategy Units of the municipality of Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study included women who had assessment of general health conditions, as well as nutritional, clinical, and biochemical status, and excluded those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type I. The cardiovascular risk was determined by the conicity index obtained from measurements of body weight, height, and waist circumference. The women were divided in two groups: pre-menopausal and post-menopausal. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 102 women whose mean age was 51.5±7.9 years. Of these, 41 (40.2%) were premenopausal and 61 (59.8%) were postmenopausal. All participants had a high cardiovascular risk by the conicity index, but the mean index was higher in those in the postmenopausal period when compared to those in the premenopausal period (1.25±0.0 vs.1.19±0.9). Considering only women with low cardiovascular risk, the postmenopausal, compared to the premenopausal, presented higher values of waist circumference (84.8±5.5 vs. 78.0±7.5; p=0.005) and percentage of body fat (36.8±5.5 vs. 32.9±6.5; p=0.005). Considering the participants with high cardiovascular risk, the postmenopausal group presented higher values for the percentage of body fat (39.8±4.0 vs. 35.7±6.9; p=0.010), total cholesterol (204.9±42.7 vs. 184.2±40.0; p=0.005), glucose (107.3±65.4 vs. 82.5±14.1; p=0.001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (132.4±41.8 vs. 109.3±38.8; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The use of conicity index by primary care teams indicated that in this sample of women, regardless of climacteric phase, there where subclinical conditions for the development of cardiovascular disease. Those conditions were more pronounced in the group of women in the postmenopausal period.